EMCCD Tech Notes

iXonEM+ Back-Illuminated EMCCD

Andor have consistently set higher and higher EMCCD performance standards with our deep-cooled, vacuum-sealed iXonEM & iXonEM+ quantitative camera range. For example we introduced the first back-illuminated EMCCDs in January 2002, alongside our unique baseline clamp solution for enhanced quantitative performance. Andor’s method for achieving industry-lowest Clock Induced Charge was introduced in early 2003 and our much revered quantitative and linearized EM gain control (RealGain™) was innovated in January 2006. Download Tech Note

Longevity in EMCCD and ICCD

A note of caution is needed with regard to the gain components in both ICCD (Intensified CCD) and EMCCD (Electron Multiplying CCD) technology. Both the multichannel plate (MCP) of the ICCD and the EM register of the EMCCD suffer from gain ageing effects. Fortunately with due care and attention, on behalf of both camera manufacturer and user, these ultrasensitive platforms can deliver many years of quantitative operation.

Here we provide an overview of the proprietary innovations that Andor have developed and integrated into our pioneering and world-leading EMCCD products, designed to get the absolute best in quantitative performance and durability from this exceptionally light-sensitive technology.

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Quantitative comparison of a back and front illuminated detector

An independent quantitative comparison of a back and front illuminated detector in single-molecule detection by Erwin Lang, Jürgen Köhler from Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Science, University of Bayreuth, Germany.

Looking at exactly the same single molecule with two different detectors (a front-illuminated iXon DV 887 FI (quantum yield » 47 % @ 700 nm) and a back-illuminated iXon BV 887 (quantum yield » 90 % @ 700 nm) under identical experimental conditions.Download Tech Note

How Does a One-Window Design Enhance Performance?

One of the many benefits arising from Andor's all-solid hermetic vacuum seal technology, is the ability to incorporate only a single window (with optional anti-reflection (AR) coating) in the path of the incoming photons. Other designs are obliged to use at least one extra non-AR coated window, in order to afford at least some protection to the sensor against corrosive outgased condensates and moisture.Download Tech Note

Darkcurrent and Clock Induced Charge (CIC) in EMCCDs

This note is to address misunderstanding and misinformation in the market place about the required cooling for optimum operation of EMCCDs. In particular the claim that "-30pC is sufficient cooling because Spurious Charge (also known as Clock Induced Charge, CIC) increases with cooling". THIS IS SIMPLY NOT THE CASE!Download Tech Note